There are several types of screws that are less likely to split wood:
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Screws with a smooth shank and a tapered point: These types of screws have a pointed tip that helps them start easier and self-center as they are being driven. The tapered point also helps reduce the amount of splitting that occurs.
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Screws with a smaller diameter: Using screws with a smaller diameter can help reduce the amount of splitting that occurs, as they exert less pressure on the wood fibers.
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Screws with a low thread count: Screws with a lower thread count have fewer threads per inch, which means they have less surface area in contact with the wood. This can help reduce the amount of splitting that occurs.
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Screws with a thread design that reduces splitting: Some screws have thread designs that are specifically engineered to reduce splitting. For example, screws with a "worm-drive" thread pattern have a saw-like thread that helps reduce splitting by cutting through the wood fibers rather than tearing them apart.
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Screws with a larger diameter and a high thread count: While these screws may be more likely to split wood, they can be used successfully in certain situations where the wood is thick enough and the screw is being driven into the end grain of the wood. In these cases, the screw can be driven in at a slower speed and with less torque to help reduce the amount of splitting that occurs.